Different Mechanisms of Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression
نویسنده
چکیده
DNA replication involves the chromatin assembly on new DNA strands which involves the formation of new nucleosomes, the basic unit of chromatin. Nucleosome is composed of the tetramer of H3/H4 histones and two dimers of histones H2A/ H2B that are wrapped around with DNA segment [1,2]. H3/ H4 and H2A/H2B histones are called core histones as they are positioned in the center of nucleosome. Some core histones are presented by one isoform such as histone H4, while other histones exist in several isoforms such as histone H3 (H3.1, H3.3). Histone H3 is of special interest as its different isoforms are involved in diverse key nuclear processes: H3.1 isoform is involved in DNA replication and repair maintaining the genome integrity and H3.3 isoform is implicated mainly in transcription which comprises the first step of gene expression [1,2].
منابع مشابه
An Overview of the Epigenetic Modifications of Gene Expression in Tumorigenesis
The five leading causes of cancer-related deaths are lung (1,760,000 deaths), colorectal (862,000 deaths), stomach (783,000 deaths), liver (782,000 deaths), and breast (627,000 deaths) cancers. Epigenetic changes can alter chromatin compaction, leading to the regulation of geneexpression without changing the primary DNA sequence.Epigenetic mechanisms are normally involved incellular processes s...
متن کاملEffects of Major Epigenetic Factors on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is influenced by both genetic factors and epigenetic modifications; the latter is a result of exposure to various environmental factors. Epigenetic modifications affect gene expression and alter cellular functions without modifying the genomic sequences. CpG-DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNAs are the main epigenetic factors ...
متن کاملدرمان سرطان بر پایه اپی ژنتیک
Introduction: Epigenetics involves the study of heritable changes in the regulation of gene activity and expression that are not dependent on gene sequence. Main mechanisms of epigenetic modifications are DNA methylation, Histone modification and Nucleosome positioning. Several studies have shown that these modifications are related to cancer initiation, progression or tumor metastasis. In cont...
متن کاملEpigenetic effects of decitabine on acute lymphoblastic and acute promyelocytic leukemia cells
Background: Decitabine (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, DAC) is a deoxycytidine analog currently used as an effective drug against myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Although various studies have pointed out the epigenetic effects of this drug, its epigenetic mechanisms in different leukemic cell lines are not specified. In this lab trial study, possible epigenetic effects of decitab...
متن کاملO-31: Epigenetic Aberration of HOXA10 Gene in Human Endometrium throughout The Menstrual Cycle in Endometriosis
Background: Epigenetic aberration such as DNA methylation and histone modifications appear to be involved in various diseases such as Endometriosis. Here, we investigated the epigenetic regulation of HOXA10 promoter, as a crucial gene, responsible for uterine organogenesis, functional endometrial differentiation and endometrial receptivity, and its correlation with mRNA expression of this gene ...
متن کاملThe function of epigenetic processes in multiple sclerosis: review article
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological and inflammatory disorder that affects the nervous system. The etiology of MS is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors are involved in its pathogenesis. There is increasing evidence suggesting the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Lack of vitamin D, smoking, and Epstein barr virus can cause epigene...
متن کامل